Pressures of being an Elite Athlete
Isobelle Biggin provides an overview of her doctorate research project into coaches' and athletes' perceptions of mental ill-health in elite athletes, how these issues arise, and the challenges and barriers in athletes accessing support.
The news in November 2013 of England Cricket batsman Jonathon Trott's departure from the Ashes tour of Australia due to a long-standing stress-related illness was labelled by some members of the media as a "shock". Others speculated whether "cricket has a problem", with the news coming in the wake of fellow England cricketers Marcus Threscothick's and Graeme Fowler's battles with depression.
However, with other sporting legends such as boxer Frank Bruno and Olympic medallists Dame Kelly Holmes and Victoria Pendleton, disclosing their battles with mental ill-health, perhaps it is more prudent to examine the pressures of the elite athlete identity and what can be done to support those in this 'privileged' position than propose an issue solely located within the culture of cricket.
Athletic Identity: Hercules' Muscles or Achilles Heel?
When we consider that 1 in 4 of us will suffer from a mental health problem in a year due to the pressures and demands of everyday life, is it surprising that elite athletes are at risk of developing psychological difficulties, too?
Or, as icons of physical perfection, do we unfairly assume that they have equitable superhuman mental strength and endurance as well? And what happens when the 'elite athlete' is no longer the 'elite athlete'? When have they been dropped from the team, or are they injured or retired? When the elite athlete identity, formed by a lifetime of early morning starts, gruelling training schedules, and countless social sacrifices, is no longer applicable, what impacts self-esteem and psychological well-being?
Does psychology offer helpful models in understanding why some athletes may develop psychological difficulties, such as the diathesis-stress model of psychopathology or role identity and loss theories? Are they being drawn upon? Sports Psychologists' knowledge of motivational models and visualisation techniques has been bettering athletes' performance for decades. However, clinical psychologists' expertise in maintaining well-being, with the potential to prolong careers, has yet to be fully utilised in the field of sport.
Coaches: Protectors or part of the problem?
Within clinical psychology, we know that early detection and intervention of mental health problems can prevent longer-term adverse effects, which has led some researchers to suggest that sports coaches are well-positioned to identify those individuals who may be experiencing the early stages of psychological distress and to signpost them to appropriate support.
They may also protect athletes against mental health difficulties, providing support and guidance for athletes who can find themselves isolated by long international tours, training camps, and hours on the track, field, or pitch. However, does a coach's career success, which is reliant on the athlete's competitive success, lead to unhelpful pressures on the relationship or even a culture of complicit denial of such issues by coaches and sporting bodies?
What are your views?
Are you an athlete who can identify with these issues, whether for yourself or others? Are you a coach who feels that more should be done to support athletes in this way or that there is already adequate support for athletes?
I would like to hear your thoughts as part of an online research project to understand better these issues and the role clinical psychology has to play.
If you would like to know more about this research project or are a coach or athlete and would like to participate, do not hesitate to get in touch with me: ibigginresearch@gmail.com
Page Reference
If you quote information from this page in your work, then the reference for this page is:
- BIGGIN, I. (2014) Pressures of being an Elite Athlete [WWW] Available from: https://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/article157.htm [Accessed
About the Author
Isobelle Biggin is a Trainee Clinical Psychologist studying for a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the Salomons Centre for Applied Psychology, Canterbury Christ Church University. From a young age, a sportswoman competing at a national level in tetrathlon and, more recently, recreationally in triathlon, she is keen on how athletes deal with the pressures to perform consistently from a mental health perspective.